Improvement in distillation of coal-oil



B. GARVEY.

Oil Stlll Patented July 17, 1860.

NITE STATES ATEN'I Prion.

BENJAMIN GARVEY, OF NEWV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND JOSEPH B. DAVOL, OF BROOKLYN, N, Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN D'ISTILLATION OF COAL-OIL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 29,2 H 8, dated July 17, 1860.

T0 aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN GARVEY, of the city, county, and State of New York, have in vented a new and useful Method of Economixing Caloric in the Arts; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification.

The nature of my invention consists in using compressed air to support combustion, so that the gaseous products may be held under com- .pression until so much of their heat has been utilized, the amount of such utilization depending upon the pressure under which they are generated, that, on being allowed to expand, they will be of about the same temperature and in about the same state of elasticity as the surrounding atmosphere.

To enable others skilled in the art to use my invention, I will proceed to describe its principles and mode of operation, premising, however, that each special application of caloric will necessitate a special arrangement of apparatus, though the device which is my invention herein referred toviz., of holding the products of combustion under adequate pressure until such portion of their caloric as experience may dictate for each special case has been utilizedwill control the arrangement of all forms of such apparatus, and at the same time none of the varieties of such apparatus require to be of any particular form, but are to be constructed only in such manner that operation may be given to my invention having reference simply to the process herein described. For instance, the arrangement of apparatus which I employ in the distillation of coal-oil, or in the manufacture of gas, or in the generation of steam, will not answer for the purpose of warming buildings, or for that of cooking, or for metallurgy, &c. yet any one possessed of ordinary skill in the use of caloric can, without using any but wellknown devices, employ my invention in any art by understanding how it is employed in any other art. I will therefore describe my method of distilling coal-oil by the direct action of the products of combustion, and this description will serve as sufficient illustration of the manner in which my invention may be applied for any other purpose.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents a vertical coal-chamber formed of boileriron and lined with brick.

B is a man-hole whereby the chamber A can be charged or filled with coal.

G is a man-hole through which the coke which will remain after the process of distil= lation is completed can be withdrawn.

D is an arched vault, where workmen can receive the coke in wagons or barrows.

E is a grating to support the coal during the distillation. It is hinged, as shown in the drawings, and can be allowed to fall when the coke is to be removed into the chamber D.

F is a cover for the manhole, and is secured airtight by means of a screw, as shown in the drawings.

G is a chamber for the reception of the products of distillation,- which, when volatile, pass off through the pipe II to a condensingchamber, which may be in the form which is now in common use.

I is a valve, to be opened or closed by the attendant according to the amount of pressure which is desired to maintain in the chamber A.

J is a pipe or flue leading from a furnace, K, which is also formed of boiler-iron and lined with brick.

L is a port for the introduction of fuel.

N is a grating to support the fuel.

M is a hole through which ashes and ciuders are withdrawn into an ash-pit, O.

P is a pipe leading from a blowing apparatus or air-condenser, which latter I construct in the mode in common use.

The operation of this apparatus is as follows: The chamber A being filled with coal, and the covers 13 and F being secured, a fire is kindled at the top of the furnace K, and the covers L and M are secured. Compressed air is then forced through the pipe P to blow the fire, when the products of combustion are driven through the fine J into the chamberA. There, beingspecifically lighter than the air within the chamber, they diffuse themselves through the upper part of A and gradually sink down among the coal as additional portions enter through J until the whole chamber A is filled, between the interstices of the coal, with hot gases. Then by suitable regulation of the valve I any amount of pressure the volatile parts of the coal may be highly heated at one time, and at another time may be under such low pressure that they would readily volatilize and abstract the accumulated heat from the coal.

I do not claim any form of apparatus, nor the employment of blowers or other means of creating a blast; but

\Vhat I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The economizing of caloric in the manner substantially as described, whatever form of apparatus may be employed for carrying out said invention, and to whatever purpose the same may be applied. I

BENJAMIN GARVEY W'itnesses:

S. D. OOZZENS, O. F. HOLDEN. 

